Tips for Overseeing Small Groups

Tips for Small Group Leaders

Tips include:

1. Active Listening
2. Being Attentive
3. Telling Your Story (Without Going On and On)
4. Group Check-In #1
5. Asking Good Questions
6. Calling Out the Best in Others

Why It's NOT The Nail

Since posting "It's Not About The Nail," a question was asked, "Can you give an example?" My sermon on Cain and Abel explains how our "deeper" sins hide beneath our conscious awareness, causing all of us to have "blind spots."

Can you identify with any of these statements?

• "I'm not a Pharisee. I can just see and feel how sinful other people are."
• "I'm not bitter. I'm just expressing moral righteous outrage."
• "I'm not flirtatious. I'm just friendly."

Good to Bad; Grace to Retribution

Judges is downright depressing to read and reflect. It is about despicable people doing deplorable things. Even the "heroes" (judges) are flawed increasingly throughout Judges, doing many appalling things. It is a dismal story...that points to and finds resolution only in the Gospel. In "Judges For You," Tim Keller identifies 6 main themes.

This post addresses elements--both good (initially) and bad (eventually and progressively)--in the story of Gideon (Jud 6:1-8:35), a "hero"/judge who starts out extremely well with the grace of God, but who then gets worse and ends horribly by displaying the overweening pride and arrogance of spectacular success.

It's NOT About The Nail

It's NOT About The Nail.

It's NOT About The Nail.

Judges: God Gives Grace Even As We Deteriorate From Bad to Worse

Tim Keller identifies six key themes/truths about God in his new book "Judges For You":

1. God relentlessly offers his grace to people who do not deserve it, seek it, or even appreciate it after they've been saved by it.
2. God wants lordship over every area of our lives, not just some.
3. There is a tension between grace and law, between conditionality and unconditionality.
4. There is a need for continual spiritual renewal in our lives here on earth, and a way to make that a reality.
5. We need a true Savior, to which all human saviors point, through their flaws and strengths.
6. God is in charge, no matter what it looks like.

Grace is a major theme if not the singular most important theme throughout the Bible, both OT and NT. Judges is no exception. The people and their sins get worse and worse throughout the book. The judges (saviors/deliverers) are less and less admirable with each new judge. Yet God gives grace and never gives up.

Do Not Touch The Lord's Anointed

What does this mean? Usually, the popular understanding of this phrase is meant by church leaders and their supporters to caution anyone who dares to critique or criticize the preacher or church leader. Many preachers, evangelists and Bible teachers today teach that if anyone criticizes them, or finds fault with them in any way, or goes against their wishes, then that miserable sinner has "touched the Lord's anointed." They say, "If you criticize "servant(s) of God" who are "the Lord's anointed," you will face the wrath of Almighty God." It is meant as a threat to, "Shut up. Don't complain. Submit. Or else...." It is virtually saying that the Christian leader or clergy is "above the rest" and is untouchable by commoners, sinners and the laity, and implies that they are unaccountable and have a free pass.

Love God with All Your.... (Mark 12:30-31)

Do you love God? Do you love Him with all your heart, soul, mind and strength (Mk 12:30-31)? What does this even mean?

This leaves no room whatsoever for loving God partially, or with loving God with only a part of ourselves. Jesus, quoting Dt 6:5 and Lev 19:18, emphatically emphasizes that loving God must be without any reservation, and that it must include loving those who are not a part of our family or inner circle. My wife will certainly be grieved and saddened greatly if I ever said or expressed to her that, "I love you sometimes, and I am faithful to you most of the time."

What does loving God with our entire being and our entire self mean?

Steps for Conflict Resolution in the Church (Mt 18:15-17)

The problem with the church is that it has people. That is why the church has conflicts and divisions. The need for biblical conflict resolution is always urgent and crucial. How might this happen? Jesus' recommended steps in Mt 18:15-17 is often cited. But Jesus did not give us these steps so that we can get rid of people who bother us, who sin against us or with whom we disagree! The purpose is not to get rid of but to gain!

The following principles/steps are suggested:

1. Strict confidentiality. "If your brother or sister sins, go and point out their fault, just between the two of you" (Mt 18:15a). This matter is private. Do not share the conflict with other church members. Do not gossip or slander that person, which is most destructive to the person and to the church. Deal directly only with the person involved.
2. Total Honesty. "...go and point out their fault" (Mt 18:15a). It is important to note that Christ commands the offended party who is responsible to go meet the person privately preferably as soon as possible. If it was up to us, we'd look for the one in the wrong to do something first. But Jesus places the responsibility squarely on the injured party. If you have been wronged, hurt, or sinned against, to you Jesus says "go." It is prudent to make observations, rather than accusations. Approaching the sinning brother should be done calmly and rationally with the spirit of Christian love and humility. Note that this is a divine imperative from Jesus. It is not optional for believers. These are not suggestions. These are not just words of advice. Every Christian, every elder, every pastor and every church court must strictly obey and follow Christ's instructions. No excuse is acceptable for violating this passage.
3. True Forgiveness. "If they listen to you, you have won them over" (Mt 18:15b). Real restoration requires complete forgiveness.
4. Proper Appeals. "But if they will not listen, take one or two others along, so that 'every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses'" (Mt 18:16). If the two of them fail to resolve the conflict, the problem should be heard by one or two more individual witnesses. The purpose should not be to gang up on that person, or choose only people "on your side."
5. Severed Relationship. "If they still refuse to listen, tell it to the church; and if they refuse to listen even to the church, treat them as you would a pagan or a tax collector" (Mt 18:17). If the offended party is unrepentant and unable to live with the final resolution of the problem, the relationship must be severed. The church serves as the final authority. The purpose of the discipline is not to remove the irritant, but to restore the offended person by the grace of God and protect the purity of the church.

References:

1. The Lord's Conflict Resolution Plan.
2. The Most Misapplied Passage on Church Conflict.
3. Conflict Resolution in the Church: A Study of Matthew 18:15-16.
   

Einstein and Billy Graham

My brother sent me this interesting account. Billy Graham, now 94 years old, once shared a story about Albert Einstein.

As we know Einstein was one of the most brilliant men of recent times. In 2000, he was voted the Man of the Century by Time Magazine. With his unkempt hairdo and German accent, Einstein was instantly recognizable by everyone he met.

One day Einstein was traveling from Princeton by train. The conductor came to collect tickets. When he reached Einstein, Einstein was frantically patting his pockets and going through his papers looking for his ticket. The conductor recognized his famous passenger. Kindly he assured Mr. Einstein that he was sure that he had purchased a ticket and that it was not necessary for him to find it. Einstein however, continued to dig around, searching even more diligently for the absent ticket. The ticket was not in his luggage, pockets, or in his pile of papers.

What Great Men Say About Themselves

Those who think they are great Christians would likely emphasize their own strengths, which inadvertently disparages others: "I thank God that I am not like nominal Sun Christians. I actively teach the Bible, disciple others and give much money to my church" (Lk 18:11-12). Surprisingly, this is not what great Christians say, suggest or think about themselves.

On his 70th birthday, pioneer missionary William Carey (regarded as the father of modern missions) wrote these remarkable words to one of his sons:

Stunningly Amazing Birds of Paradise

Majestic, mesmerizing and magnificent. This 5 min video shows some remarkable birds that exist only in the forests of New Guinea: Birds of Paradise. I was awestruck by their beauty and their majesty, which was stunningly mesmerizing and captivating. If you aspire to be an ornithologist, here are the 39 species captured in 4 min: The 39 Species.

A verse came to mind: "The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands" (Ps 19:1).

I Am Having A Really Bad Day

I am having a bad day. [My friend Abraham Lincoln of Boston UBF gave the sermon at West Loop today with this title.] What do you do when you have a bad day? When Adam had a bad day he blamed his wife (Gen 3:12). When Cain had a bad day he committed fratricide (Gen 4:8). When Abram had a bad day, he complained about his childlessness (Gen 15:2-4). When the older son had a bad day, he angrily accused his gracious father for being unfair (Lk 15:29-30).

God (always) comes in grace.

Promises Of Blessing Despite Much Sin

Last Sun I completed preaching on what Jesus said to the Seven Churches in Revelation chapter 2-3. Briefly:

1. Ephesus was a loveless church. She was excellent in Bible study and Christian activities, but lacking in love (Rev 2:4). They spoke the truth very well, but their love was not evident (Eph 4:15).
2. Smyrna was a suffering church. She received no rebuke from Jesus because they were willing to suffer for their faith unto death (Rev 2:10b). They supremely valued Jesus and did not consider it a loss to lose their own lives.

Was It A Good Message/Sermon?

How does one assess how well a preacher or Bible teacher did in preaching and teaching the Bible?

A friend came up with these excellent questions which I thought would give good feedback to the preacher, messenger and/or Bible teacher.

On a scale of 1-10, how well did the message/sermon/preacher/Bible teacher:

1. Engage your mind and your intellect?
2. Bring you into the presence of God?
3. Change your life in any significant way?

Do You Argue, Disagree and Fight Fairly?

When someone says/writes something you are upset about or do not like or agree with, how do you respond? Look carefully at the diagram to the left and see at what level of the triangle you usually resort to. The lower levels are reactive, impulsive, defensive and offensive, while the higher levels are fair, well thought out and reasoned responses. Here is a detailed explanation of each level.

For instance, when arguing or disagreeing, do you say, write or think:

• "You're so stupid"? (This is the lowest level: Name Calling.)
• "You are unspiritual, proud, immature and jealous"? (Ad hominem [which means "Against the man"].)
• "I don't like the critical way you write/speak"? (Responding to Tone.)
• "I disagree"? (Contradiction.)

Are you a Diminisher or a Multiplier?

Genius or genius maker? Bono describes best the difference between a Diminisher and a Multiplier: "It has been said that after meeting with the great British Prime Minister William Ewart Gladston, you left feeling he was the smartest person in the world; but after meeting with his rival Benjamin Disraeli, you left thinking your were the smartest person." The former is a genius (a diminisher). The latter is a genius maker (a multiplier). Which person would you rather be?

How can you tell what type of person you are? Are you a multiplier or a diminisher?

Diminishers:

• Create stress.

2 Kinds of Leadership

Hierarchical (Authoritarian) Leadership	Shepherding (Christ-like) Leadership
"Over" others.	"Among" others.
Control others.	Respect others.
Elite.	Common.
Exclusive.	Inclusive.
Top down.	Bottom up.
Oppressive.	Liberating.
Based on position, rank, status, honorific titles.	Based on godly character.
Measured by prominence, external power and political influence.	Measured by humility and servitude.
Exploits their position to rule over others as "the older."	Shuns special reverence; regard themselves as "the younger."
Operates on a political chain-of-command social structure.	Flows from childlike meekness and sacrificial service.
Plants the fear of man.	Causes awe, wonder and freedom.

Reference: 

1. Shepherding Sheep (Mt 20:25-28).
2. Two Kinds of Shepherding.

Some Quotes for Reflection

Pride: "The more pride we have, the more other people's pride irritates us." C.S. Lewis

Love (not force): "The tremendous truth of Christianity is that the coercion of God is not of force but of love. God chose the dangerous way of love (not force or coercion), and love in the end will triumph." William Barclay

Rom 12:9: "Love must be without hypocrisy" (HCSB). "Let love be genuine" (ESV). "Love must be sincere" (NIV). "Don't just pretend that you love others. Really love them" (NLT). "Love from the center of who you are; don't fake it" (MSG). "Let love be without dissimulation [deception]" (KJV).

Not an Iota of Good

"...when men are judged by their natural endowments, not a iota of good will be found from the crown of the head to the sole of the foot..." John Calvin, Institutes, Book III, Chap 14, 1. (Jer 17:9; Gen 6:5; 8:21; Ps 94:11; 36:2; 14:2, 3; Gal 5:19)

Faith, Finances and Freedom (2 Corinthians 8:9)

2 Corinthians 8:9 "For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for your sake he became poor, so that you through his poverty might become rich."

(2 Cor 8:9 explains the way a person can become truly rich by being free from the entrapment, enslavement, and idolatry of money.) Perhaps even more than being a slave to sex and romance is the enslavement to money. In this sermon we consider: What is your view of money? Who owns your money? What should you do with your money? Is money your master who rules and controls you, or your slave whom you control and rule over? Let us examine what the Bible says about money in 3 parts:

1. Faith: Who owns your money? You?
2. Finances: What should you do with your money?
3. Freedom: Is money your master or your slave?

Revelation: The Spirit Speaks to the Churches

Reference: Hamilton Jr, James M. Revelation: The Spirit Speaks to the Churches (Preaching the Word). Wheaton: Crossway. 2012.
To get the weight and balance of the whole book, an overview of Revelation will prepare us for the immediate future, the distant future, and the eternal future. To understand the book's flow of thought, its structure, and the main points made in each section will help us rightly understand the smaller units of the book in context when we study them. So we'll look at

• the Opening (Rev 1:1–8)--a prologue 
• the Vision (Rev 1:9–22:9)--a body
• the Closing (Rev 22:10–21)--an epilogue

As we begin, let's ask the Lord to use this book to fire us with the same urgency we would have if it were Sep 10, 2001, and we had just learned what was going to happen the next morning. You would not rest with that information. So may it be with this information.

What's Goin' On In Heaven? (Revelation 4-5)

Revelation 4:1-5:14; Key Verse: Rev 4:2

"At once I was in the Spirit, and there before me was a throne in heaven with someone sitting on it."

Questions. What is God like? What happens in heaven? How does this apply to my life on earth?

Short answers : 1) God--who is on a throne in heaven--is sovereign; he rules the world. 2) All beings around God's throne are worshiping God. 3) All of life is worship. Why? If the book of Revelation has a single theme, then surely it is God and his greatness, which Rev 4-5 will show.

Pride and Ego (1 Cor 3:21 - 4:7)

1 Corinthians 3:21-4:7; Key Verse: 1 Cor 4:3-4

"I care very little if I am judged by you or by any human court; indeed, I do not even judge myself. My conscience is clear, but that does not make me innocent. It is the Lord who judges me."

How do Michael Jordan and Madonna feel about their own monumental success and fame?

Longing for his glory days. In an interview in anticipation of his 50th birthday on Feb 17, 2013, Michael Jordan, the Hall of Famer, confesses, "I would give up everything now to go back and play the game of basketball." When asked how he replaces it, Jordan simply states, "You don't. You learn to live with it." Jordan has accomplished what most men can only dream of. Yet he seems to still be longing for his glory days of winning 6 NBA championships, being voted the Finals MVP all 6 times, being the only player in history to lead the NBA in scoring 10 times (7 consecutive, tied with Chamberlain), being voted the NBA's MVP 5 times, and the accolades, awards and records just keep piling upon themselves. Here and here are short summaries. Despite having accomplished and achieved all this, he still wishes he could go back and do all of it again. In his supercilious 2009 Hall of Fame speech, Jordan called the game of basketball his "refuge," the "place where I've gone when I needed to find comfort and peace." Three years later, the restlessness remains. (Source: Do you still want to be like Mike? When greatness meets emptiness. (Michael Jordan at 50) by Matt Smethurst.)

My "First" Blog Post from 2010

Nov 23, 2009 (I am posting this here for posterity because the website this was originally posted on is being discontinued. My original title was "The imperatives are based on the indicatives," which I subsequently changed. Though I had posted occasionally from 2009, I regard this as my "first" blog post.)

Ben Toh  //  The one Jesus loved 1st, husband of 1, father of 4, grand-father of 2, unrepentant Chicago sports fan of winning teams only, and bi-vocational: pastor and self-employed physician in Chicago.

Religion/Imperatives Versus the Gospel/Indicatives

Bryan Chapell said, "The imperatives are based on the indicatives and the order is not reversible." (Chapell is the President of Covenant Seminary and author of Christ-Centered Preaching. He gave a lecture at the Advance09 conference in Durham, North Carolina titled "Communicating the Gospel through Preaching.") Related post: Imperatives - Indicatives = Impossibilities

False Impression; False Self-Estimation (Rev 3:1-6): To the Church in Sardis

Revelation 3:1-6; Key Verse: Rev 3:1b (Exodus 32:15-35)

"I know your deeds; you have a reputation of being alive, but you are dead."

When Jesus speaks to the seven churches in Asia Minor, he usually commends these struggling churches before giving them a word of rebuke. Not so with the church in Sardis. (The city of Sardis is located some 50 miles to the east of Smyrna and just to the north of Philadelphia.) This congregation receives only a stern rebuke. "Wake up" (Rev 3:2). Jesus warns them, or else he will suddenly come upon them in judgment (Rev 3:3). Although the church in Sardis thinks it is alive, in reality it is near death (Rev 3:1b). This congregation has stopped preaching the gospel in order to make peace with the world. It is no longer a faithful witness to God's saving mercy in Jesus Christ. Therefore, this church must wake up and repent, or else face the wrath of Jesus Christ who is the Lord of his church (Rev 3:1a).

Love Without Discernment (Rev 2:18-29): To the Church in Thyatira

Revelation 2:18-29; Key Verse: Rev 2:25, 28 (1 Kings 16:29-33)

"...hold on to what you have until I come." "I will also give the morning star."


Loving more but tolerating false teaching. In his letter to the church in Ephesus, Jesus commends the Ephesians for persevering in sound doctrine (Rev 2:2-3). But Jesus also rebukes the Ephesian church for losing their first love (Rev 2:4)–their love for the brethren. The church in Thyatira has the opposite problem. Indeed, Jesus commends the congregation in Thyatira because their love for their fellow Christians has increased (Rev 2:19). But Jesus also rebukes this church for tolerating false teaching within their midst (Rev 2:20). Unlike Ephesus that shows discernment without love, the Christians of Thyatira are loving but not discerning.

Remaining True to Jesus Yet Compromising and Defiled (Rev 2:12-17): To the Church in Pergamum

Revelation 2:12-17; Key Verse: Rev 2:13a, 14a (See Num 25:1-9; 31:16)

"I know where you live—where Satan has his throne. Yet you remain true to my name. You did not renounce your faith in me...Nevertheless, I have a few things against you..."

Like the church in Smyrna, the church in Pergamum faces intense persecution from the God-hating Roman empire and their fellow Jews. But the church in Pergamum also faces an enemy from within, a seductress who entices God's people to commit spiritual adultery.

The Poverty of Riches (Rev 3:14-22): To the Church in Laodicea

Revelation 3:14-22; Key Verse: Rev 3:16 (See Hosea 12:1-14)

"So, because you are lukewarm—neither hot nor cold—I am about to spit you out of my mouth."

What a completely inaccurate self-assessment. The church in Laodicea thinks of itself as wealthy, very well-off, and without any apparent needs (Rev 3:17a). But the reality is far different. While this congregation may have an exalted opinion of itself, Jesus describes this church in completely different terms: "wretched, pitiful, poor, blind and naked" (Rev 3:17b). This church is lukewarm and is about to be spit out of Christ's mouth (Rev 3:16). This is the only church about which Jesus has nothing good to say. Sardis also received no word of praise, though they had a few undefiled Christians (Rev 3:4). To Laodicea Jesus must express his love in unmitigated reproof and discipline (Rev 3:19).

Keeping God's Word With Little Strength (Rev 3:7-13): To the Church in Philadelphia

Revelation 3:7-13; Key Verse: 3:8 (See also Isaiah 22:20-25)

"I know your deeds. See, I have placed before you an open door that no one can shut. I know that you have little strength, yet you have kept my word and have not denied my name."

After the prologue (Rev 1:1-8), the opening section concerns John's vision of the resurrected Christ who walks in the midst of his church (Rev 1:12-16). This first vision includes the 7 letters addressed by Christ to the 7 churches scattered throughout western Asia Minor. In each letter Jesus reveals an aspect of himself in his post-resurrection glory as described in the vision John saw (Rev 1:12-20). Jesus does this to reinforce the point that he is the head and Lord of his church who walks among them and is always with them. Next, Jesus speaks directly to the churches, promising blessing for faithfulness, protection from danger, and warns them of their need to repent when they are unfaithful. He commends 5 of them with 2 receiving no commendation (Sardis and Laodicea). He rebukes 5 of them with 2 receiving none (Smyrna and Philadelphia). Jesus commands Christians in these churches to repent lest they face immediate judgment. Yet, all 7 letters end with a promise from God to all those who are faithful and who overcome through faith in him. Despite the efforts of those who oppose the gospel and seek to harm them, Jesus promises all those who are his that they will overcome.

The Riches of Poverty (Rev 2:8-11): To the Church in Smyrna

Revelation 2:8-11; Key Verse: Rev 2:10b (Zechariah 3:1-9)

"Be faithful, even to the point of death, and I will give you life as your victor's crown" (NIV, 2011). "I will give you the crown of life" (NIV, 1984).

Seven letters speaking to churches through out the church age. In Revelation chapters 2-3, Jesus addresses 7 letters to historical churches scattered throughout western Asia Minor.

Discernment Without Love (Rev 2:1-7): Letter to the Church in Ephesus

Revelation 2:1-7; Key Verse: Rev 2:4 (Exodus 25:31-40)

"Yet I hold this against you: You have forsaken the love you had at first" (NIV, 2011). "You have forsaken your first love" (NIV, 1984).

Last year (2012), while I was in Manila, I preached 3 sermons on Revelation:

• The Revelation of Jesus Christ (Rev 1:1-20).
• Christian, Listen Up! (Rev 2:1-3:22)
• What Is Heaven Like? (Rev 21:1-22:5)

Each message to a church is what the Spirit says to all churches.

Revelation 2:1-3:22 (Questions)

The Son of Man Speaks to His Churches (Rev 2:1-3:22)

Discernment Without Love: Have You Forsaken Your First Love?Revelation 2:1-7; Key Verse: Rev 2:4 (To the "Loveless" Church in Ephesus)

1. Who "holds the seven stars in His right hand" and "walks among the seven golden lampstands" (Rev 2:1)? What are the seven stars and seven golden lampstands (Rev 1:20)?
2. What did the church in Ephesus have going for it (Rev 2:2-3)? What did Jesus have against them (Rev 2:4)? What does this mean? Is it hard to keep your first love for God? What causes you to lose it? What was it like in the early days of your relationship with Jesus?
(When were you most excited about Jesus? What influences contributed to you living a life on fire for Christ? What decisions did you make then? How does a couple's first love for one another relate to our first love for Christ? Why does the "first love" tend to grow cold? Are you still doing the things you did in the early days or your courtship? Do feelings follow actions or the other way around? How do we stay on fire for Christ? Help each other stay on fire for Christ?)

The Words Moses Spoke (Deuteronomy 1:1-46)

Deuteronomy 1:1-46; Key Verse: Deut 1:1

"These are the words Moses spoke..."

What is Deuteronomy about? Moses speaking/preaching/teaching God's word to his people for the last time. Deuteronomy consists primarily of speeches/"sermons" (three of them) that Moses gave to the Israelites shortly before he handed over the leadership to Joshua. Like a senior pastor after having led his congregation for 40 years and who is about to pass on the baton, Moses gave his prophetic farewell sermon for the last time as their senior pastor and leader. It is his last will and testament given to all Israel east of the Jordan on the plains of Moab (Deut 1:5), just before their entrance into the Promised Land. Moses' aim in his final speeches is to ensure that the people will remain faithful to God; his speeches would prepare them to conquer Canaan and then live faithful lives in their new land. (A few key verses are Deut 6:5; 10:12-13; 30:19-20.)

Shepherds (Christian Leaders) Are Not To Lord Over Others (Mt 20:25-28)

Matthew 20:21, 25-28 (Mark 10:37, 42-45; Luke 22:24-27)
Key Verse: Mt 20:25-26 (Mk 10:42-43; Lk 22:25-26)

"You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their high officials exercise authority over them. Not so with you."

"You know that those who are regarded as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their high officials exercise authority over them. Not so with you."

"The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them; and those who exercise authority over them call themselves Benefactors. But you are not to be like that."

Theme: What is Christ-like Christian leadership like? It is interesting that Jesus' answer begins with a resounding negation.

The God Who Becomes A Human Being (John 1:1-18)

John 1:1-18; Key Verse: Jn 1:14a, 18

"The Word became flesh..." "No one has ever seen God, but the one and only Son, who is himself God and is in closest relationship with the Father, has made him known." (NIV 2011) ("No one has ever seen God, but God the One and Only, who is at the Father's side, has made him known." [NIV 1984])

What is God like? Who is God? How can I know God?

Jesus' Upper Room Discourse (John 13-17)

If the Scriptures are thought of as the Temple of God, then John 13-17 would be the Holy of Holies. John 13-17 are known as Jesus' upper room discourse, where Jesus lays his heart bare before his disciples and speaks his most intimate thoughts to them just before his crucifixion. In effect, these were his last words, for within hours he would be hanging on the cross.

In his discourse he taught the very nature of God as Father, Son and Holy Spirit; that he is not a helpless victim of evil and betrayal, but that God, who is in sovereign control, is fulfilling His plan all along from eternity past to bring about his plan of world redemption and restoration.